Tuesday, November 30, 2010
Recommended Viewing: Witchcraft and the Mentally Ill
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Punishments for witchcraft in 16th century |
"As a physician and researcher, she factually explains the fallacy of witchcraft. Looking at historical documents dating back to the 15th century, Dr. (Beatriz) Quintanilla was able to match the symptoms of people condemned as witches with associated neurological and psychiatric disorders, such as epilepsy and hysteria. [Editor’s Note from Psychiatric Times: Natalie Timoshin]"
http://www.psychiatrictimes.com/schizoaffective/content/article/10168/1596272
Study Guide Chapters 13-16
Here's some areas to study carefully for the test upcoming on Chapters 13-16. This listing is not all inclusive, but is intended to give you an idea of how well you know the material now. If some or all the questions make no sense, you need to continue to carefully review the material. Caution: this is not a list of questions on the test!
Don't forget to use the study tools in your textbook and at your textbook web site, too!
Review your notes, especially for material not in the book, but on the class web site or part of class discussions.
Studying as part of a small group helps, even if it's just 2 persons.
Chapter 13 Sexuality
Don't forget to use the study tools in your textbook and at your textbook web site, too!
Review your notes, especially for material not in the book, but on the class web site or part of class discussions.
Studying as part of a small group helps, even if it's just 2 persons.
Chapter 13 Sexuality
- What are some of the changing views of sexuality, including some of the gender stereotypes regarding sex drive?
- What does androgeous means?
- Where does more than half of the pleasure of the sexual response come from?
- Are most partners comfortable talking about sex? How come?
- What are some important thins to consider re: sexual communication with a partner?
- What does John Gottman say regarding four (4) destructive patterns of sexual communication?
- Why is knowing your partner's sexual history important?
- Can you name and decribe the five ( 5) stages of the sexual response cycle?
- What does "refractory" refer to?
- What are some of the differences in the male and female sexual responses?
- What does "skimmmig" refer to re: orgasms?
- What are some of the various sexual orientations? How has our government responded (or not responded)?
- Who are homophobic?
- Do you know the difference between romantic and companioate love? Consummate love: what is that?
- Sometimes there are persistent problems with engaging in sexual activities. What are some of these problems for men and women?
- Where does the burden of birth control decision-making fall? On whom?
- Do you know the basic dfferences between all the STDs?
- How prevalent is sexual victimization in the United Stes? what form does it take?
- Who is often the perpetrator of abuse against children? What is in their history that may be a factor in their becoing abusers?
- Who are often the victims of child pornography?
- What is "force" in the case of date rape as experienced by women or men
- How long due the effects of rape last in rape victims?
- What are the seven (7) criteria to indicate an "abnormal" condition?
- Mental health/abnormality is a continuum? What does that mean?
- You may want to review some of the problems with objectivity over time re: abnormality. What did Thomas Szasz say about the mental health profession?
- Some key figues in the history of classifying mental disorders were ________________?
- The 5 Axes in DSM-IV are____________. Know what each one describes.
- The etiology of psychpathology refers to what aspect of mental illness?
- Whhat are the four (4) basic approaches to the cuases of mental illness? Describe a lttle bit about each one.
- Have a good sense of the types of Anxiety Disorders. Are phobias a rational fear of __________? What is social phobia? What is a compulsion? How do the persons view their compulsions? What causes PTSD? How many people hace experienced a traumatic event? What % of our population experience a PTSD in a lifetime? Have good sense of the four basic treatment aproaches for anxiety disorders. Be cognizant of the genetic basis for these and the other disorders.
- Have a good sense of the 2 basic types of Mood Disorders, and the causes and genetic heritability. Who suggested the notion of "learned helplessness? What is the cogntiive triad of depression? How about explanatory style. How does this affect one's response to situations? How well do depressed persons remeber happy occasions?Why are women more often depressed? Is youth suicide a "spur-of-the-moment" thing?Guns vs. pills: who uses what?
- Personality Disroders (10 types): know what each characterizes. (See Table 14.4). Know more detail about borderline, antisocial, somataform and dissociative personality disorders. What are the nown aspects of causation for each? Hypochondriasis, conversion and somatization disorder. what are these?
- Schizphrenic Disorders: Five (5) types. Pay particular attention to the possible causes of schizophrenia, including brain markers and family aspects( incl. expressed emotion factors).
- Psychological Disroders of Childhhod: Autism and ADHD. Key distinguishing aspects of each What are the possible causes of these mysterious disorders? Why is the diagnosis of ADHD particularly difficult?
- Mental Health Stigma: what role does the media play? Society in general? Self-fulfilling proecy at work here? Is it beneficial to have some contact with these individuals? Have you had experiences interacting with persons having a significant disrder?
- Four (5) basic types of therapies
- Who are the therapists and where do they work?
- Have a good sense of the overall trends over time in viewing and treating the mentally ill, from 1400s to now
- Effects of deinstitutionalization; good or bad or both. What is the "revolving door" of care?
- Psychodynamic Approaches
- Free Association and Catharsis: what happens here?
- What is going on wuth resistane?
- Dream analysis and symbolism
- Transference and Countertransference
- Sullivan's and Klein's approaches
- Behavior Therapies
- Counterconditioning
- Exposure therapies-Wolpe
- Aversion therapies-pairing of stimuli
- Contingency management
- Positive reinforcement and Extinction strategies
- Social learning
- Imitation and Social Skills
- Generalization Techniques
- Cognitive Therapies
- False Beliefs
- Cognitive Therapy for Depression-Beck: automatic thoughts
- REBT Therapy-Ellis:irratonal beiefs>emotional reactions
- Cognitive Behavioral Therapy-False beliefs paired with reinforcement contingencies
- Humanistic
- Human potential movement
- Client-centered therapy-Rogers
- Gestalt therapy-Perls
- Group Therapies
- Couple and Family Therapy-Satir
- Communicaton patterns for couples
- Systems for families
- Support Groups
- AA, etc.(Akron-based)
- Biomedical Therapies
- Drug Therapy
- Antipsycholtic drugs
- Antidepressant drugs
- Antianxiety drugs
- Psychosurgery-Moniz
- ECT and rTMS
- Evaluation
- What is "spontaneous remission"; why is the rate important?
- What's a meta-analysis?
- What have been the basic findingf of effectiveness of various therapies?
- Role of prevention strategies in mental health: primary, seconday and tertiary
- Denial vs. acceptance; how do people think about death?
- How much anxiety of death do you feel?
- Overestimation of a "sensational" death; role of the media in focusing on dramatic deaths. Why do they do this?
- Choose your parents carefully to ensure good genes and a long life! (Just kidding but you get the point.)
- Avoidance of thinking of death. Why? Can't we "be real" and accept the reality. Or is that asking too much?
- Are older folks more fearful of death?; Role of faith.
- What about near death experiences? What happens if you're lucky enough to be brought back?
- Kubler-Ross's stages of death; will we all reach acceptance of our mortality?
- What are the elements of bereavement, mourning, and grief
- What exactly is "grief work"? Parallels the experience of dying.
- What is the norm for the length of grief work?
- Unresolved grief; shut off from bereavement or ruminating to excess
- Effect of death of spouse, male and female
- "Good" Grief-a growing process; ways to express our emotions are varied (physical activity helps; assisting the family effort)
- Death is coming more slowly, and often in a hospital
- Importance of the "right-to-die
- Role of doctors
- Living wills-what do they do?
- Organ transplants-pressure on families at a tragic time
- A Natural Death
- Death more of a problem for the living than the dying!
- Hospice movement
- Home care-likely to expand
- 3 months ideal
- Often stay is very short; family tends to prolong the life-sustaining processes, leading to late entry into hospice
- 63% want to die at home
- Funerals
- Were held for the dead (afterlife transition); now they're for the living
- Now more materialistic; oriented to honoring the deceased w/recognition
- Oriented toward the survivors
- Lavish appurtenances; exploitation by funeral practices
- Death and "Growth"
- Puts a limit on our lives
- Prompts one to live one's life to fullest
- Those with unfinished business struggle at the ende with the finality of death
Monday, November 29, 2010
Study Guide Final Exam
Chapter 1 Self-Direction in a Changing World
- Are there any characteristics that the industrial age and the technological age share? Which ones?
- What are some characteristics in our diverse society that are increasing? Declining?
- It is important to take charge of your life, given all the pressures and complexities. Those who are "self-actualized" embody some characteristics worth noting. What are they, and who are affected?
- In order for psychological research to be publicly reviewed and validated, there are some essential aspects that must be followed by the researcher? What are they?
- One of the important aspects in designing an experiment is to make sure the design of the study allows the observer to be objective, and not biased in any way, otherwise what will occur with the results?
- There are several study design types mentioned in your text. One method ensures that the observers and the participants have no idea who is being "treated", or subject to an "independent" variable that is being made available, and who is part of a control group that is not being "treated" by the variable. What kind of study is this?
- The results of early study of personality back in the era of the ancient Greeks live on today. What are the key understandings in those earliest days of scientific study?
- Freudian psychology, the earliest of the modern studies of personality, has several key elements that are essential to the psychodynamic theorists. Know what these bases of behavior and personality are and how they function.
- What are some of they key aspects of the humanist study of personality. What aspect of childhood and adulthood received the attention of Carl Rogers?
- What defense mechanism do we use to minimize the effect of negative information or threatening events to preserve our self-concept?
- There are some interesting aspects of gender differences in gender role perceptions and expectations. How do men and women differ in terms of their clarity of self-beliefs?
- How do the self-concepts of persons change as they mature, especially in terms of self-actualization? How do we respond if we are uncomfortable with ourselves, or deny that certain emotions and needs are present. How does this conflict translate to our relationships with others? Over time, do these struggles resolve themselves?
- There are several types of stress. What function does each serve, and what are the identifying characteristics?
- Coping well with stress is an important part of life in the 21st century. A couple of different ways or styles, of effectively coping are discussed in your text in terms of reacting to stress. What are they and how are they different?
- Instead of modifying your internal response to stress, it is often best to consider modifying your environment instead. What are the several types of managing your environment?
- Attractiveness is something we're born with. Does it make us Smarter? Funnier? Friendlier? More sociable? More worthy? Just plain better? How come?
- Being aware of our bodies,what we put into our mouths, and taking an active role in our wellness is a good thing. Being obsessed with every blemish, sore muscle, headache, sniffle, or occasional cold or virus is not so positive. Why isn't of being hyper vigilant about our health a problem?
- As time passes, do we become more like everyone else, or do our differences tend to become more pronounced? Why? What has happened over the years to cause this differentiation?
- Erik Erikson, a noted developmental psychologist, has identified some defining characteristics of certain periods in our lives. What two (2) defining characteristics does he designate as possible directions for middle adulthood?
- As we age, varied aspects of our cognitive capabilities change, including types of intelligence. Some aspects are diminished, some are enhanced.
- An aspect of older adults is the importance of having control over their lives. Being unable to drive, or maintain a house or apartment can have a negative effect on overall internal sense of well being and positive thinking. What is the aspect of control referred to in your text?
- Harold Kelley expanded on attribution theory, and covariation, by identifying three (3) things we analyze for each event. What are they?
- A self-fulfilling prophecy is often made with an initial unsubstantiated (not based in fact) statement, followed by interaction with the target that reaffirms the initial statement such that positive or negative regard is enhanced. Who is affected mose significantly by this phenomenon, especially in education?
- Know the special aspects of cognitive dissonance, and how it affects your reaction when something happens that you did which is in conflict with your beliefs, feelings and values.
- Are stereotypes readily dispelled by factual information? Why not? If the information is at variance with your beliefs, will you accept this new information?
- Did the participants in the Stanford Experiment have any past exposure to some of the types of relationships they experienced in the prison? What are implications of this?
- Social norms are very resilient to change. With norm crystallization, what occurs? What happens when the person leaves the group. Does the new information and beliefs he/she processed live on, or do the participants revert to an earlier pre-group basis?
- It's very useful to know about in-groups, out-groups, majorities, minorities and group think processes. What is the "status quo" and Who defends it? How come?
- We are witnessing great technological changes in communication. But talking to each other face-to-face or by email, etc. is still important. And words are even more important. Knowing how to interpret a conversation accurately is essential. Know the difference between the denotation of a word vs. it's connotation. It can get confusing in a conversation when the intended meaning of a word is not clearly specified.
- The "Johari Window" is a useful paradigm relative to self disclosure. Know the 4 quadrants! Know some examples, too!
- Verbal exchanges is often how we communicate. It can get complicated! How can you reply to someone, and devalue what she just said with what you say in reply?
- Can we assume that persons who are not attractive are usually not smart and poorly adjusted?
- Can we judge a persons character by their hair color, eye color, skin color or whether they have a disability?
- Some people have a high degree of EI. What's that, and why is it important to survive in this world of relationships?
- So, are there any differences between friends and lovers?
- Sternberg's Triangle of Love is a useful paradigm relative to a theory of how love works. What are the three (3) main points of the love triangle?
- One of four women in our country experience domestic violence. Know the key defining characteristics.
- You'd think that sexual partners would be chattering constantly about their mutual experiences. How come there is such a lack of communication?
- Your text lays out the standard periods related to sexual response cycles. Know what happens when, keeping in mind that there's plenty of variety and variation beyond what the text presents.
- Paint a picture of the typical response to sexual abuse? Who is it, how do they respond, how long does it take to get well?
- Know the subtleties of what is "normal" in earlier and present-day societies
- One of the most severe Anxiety disorders if PTSD. Know the origins, symptoms and treatment programs available.
- There are gender differences in many types of disorders. How about depression? Why might women be more vulnerable than men to depression?
- Was abnormal behavior always thought to be curable? Who led the way to the mentally ill being treated as persons with an illness to be cured?
- The text discusses many treatment "modalities". Know key distinguishing aspects of each, including, for example, aspects of therapy with Freudian psychotherapists.
- Certain therapies are particularly effective in treating phobias. What are some examples of aversive and social modeling therapies with phobias.
- How can "grief" be good?
- Is denial of one's eventual death a healthy characteristic? Isn't it better to be always thinking of your eventual death?
- When do you fear death the most? As an infant? As a young adult? Middle age? Oldster?
- Our culture has unique ways of dealing with the death of a family member, ranging from mourning the loss, experiencing grief, and dealing with the experience of the loss (bereavement). What role to undertakers play? Are funerals expensive? How expensive? Should they be expensive? Is it awful to shop around for the least expensive funeral in town? Are people vulnerable during the period of grief?
Assignment #7 Where Do You Go When You Die?
Please take a look at the sample of responses below through the link for this simple, but complex, question:
Sample responses
Provide your answer to this great mystery. You may 1/ give your own point of view, or, 2/ you may provide a summary of the beliefs about "existence post-death" that you are familiar with. If you'd prefer not to publicly mention your own beliefs, use option #2! Due Thursday!
Kyle, Jeff, Richard, Kiara and John...please prepare some remarks on this topic for discussion at beginning of class Thursday. Thanks! If I've missed anyone this semester let me know, but I think all of the class will have given a brief oral presentation by end of this week. Let me know if I goofed.
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